METHODS OF LINKING

Reciprocal link
A reciprocal link is a mutual link between two objects, commonly between two websites to ensure mutual traffic. Example: Alice and Bob have websites. If Bob’s website links to Alice’s website, and Alice’s website links to Bob’s website, the websites are reciprocally linked. Website owners often submit their sites to reciprocal link exchange directories, in order to achieve higher rankings in the search engines. Reciprocal linking between websites is an important part of the search engine optimization process because Google uses link popularity algorithms to rank websites for relevancy.

Three way linking
Three way linking (site1 – site2 -  site3 – site1) is a special type of reciprocal linking. The attempt of this link building method is to create more “natural” links in the eyes of search engines. The value of links by three-way linking can then be better than normal reciprocal links, which are usually done between two domains.

Automated linking
In order to take advantage of the need for inbound links to rank well in the search engines, a number of automatic link exchange services have been launched. Members of these schemes will typically agree to have several links added to all their web pages in return for getting similar links back from other sites.

Link exchange
An alternative to the automated linking above is a link exchange forum, in which members will advertise the sites that they want to get links to, and will in turn offer reciprocal or three way links back to the sites that link to them. The links generated through such services are subject to editorial review.

One-way linking
One-way link is a term used among webmasters for link building methods. It is a hyperlink that points to a website without any reciprocal link; thus the link goes “one-way” in direction. It is suspected by many industry consultants that this type of link would be considered more natural in the eyes of search engines. One-way links are also called Incoming Links or Inbound Links.

An effective way to build this type of one-way linking is by distributing articles through content sites and article directories. These articles generally contain an About The Author box that contains a one-way link back to the author’s URL. When publishers use these articles, those one-way links help authors increase their page rank.

Multi-way linking
Multi-way linking is a technique used for website promotion whereby websites may create similar one-way links that each involves 3 or more partner sites. This provides each website with a one-way non-reciprocal link. This technique has evolved from reciprocal linking. According to Google and Yahoo, the latest search algorithms have evolved to hold less favor towards websites that contain a high percentage of reciprocated links, and a higher favor towards websites that maintain a high level of incoming non-reciprocated (one-way) links.

The term multi-way simply refers to the fact that the link exchange is between 3 or more websites, however each link is singular by only pointing to one other website. Other means of linking that may increase your web presence may also include other indirect methods such as loading images, videos, content or RSS feeds from a third partners website.
Encoders

Cascading Style Sheets { CSS}

Cascading Style Sheets { CSS}
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL.

CSS can be used locally by the readers of web pages to define colors, fonts, layout, and other aspects of document presentation. It is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content  from document presentation .This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content. CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice  and on Braille-based, tactile devices. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

encoders

MODEL VALUE CONTROLLER

Model-view-controller  is an architectural pattern used in software engineering. Successful use of the pattern isolates business logic from user interface considerations, resulting in an application where it is easier to modify either the visual appearance of the application or the underlying business rules without affecting the other. In MVC, the Model represents the information  of the application and the business rules used to manipulate the data, the View corresponds to elements of the user interface such as text, checkbox items, and so forth, and the Controller manages details involving the communication to the model of user actions such as keystrokes and mouse movements.
It is common to split an application into separate layers: presentation (UI), domain logic, and data access. In MVC the presentation layer is further separated into view and controller. MVC encompasses more of the architecture of an application than is typical for a design pattern.
Model
The domain-specific representation of the information on which the application operates. Domain logic adds meaning to raw data (e.g., calculating if today is the user’s birthday, or the totals, taxes, and shipping charges for shopping cart items).
Many applications use a persistent storage mechanism (such as a database) to store data. MVC does not specifically mention the data access layer because it is understood to be underneath or encapsulated by the Model.
View
Renders the model into a form suitable for interaction, typically a user interface element. Multiple views can exist for a single model for different purposes.
Controller
Processes and responds to events, typically user actions, and may invoke changes on the model.

MVC is often seen in web applications, where the view is the actual HTML page, and the controller is the code that gathers dynamic data and generates the content within the HTML. Finally, the model is represented by the actual content, usually stored in a database or XML files, and the business rules that transform that content based on user actions.

ARTICLE SUBMISSION

Article submission is quickly becoming the dominant way of getting links to your website. More and more people every day are writing articles and submitting them to the hundreds of directories on the internet. Most of these directories will approve any article for submission, regardless of content or mistakes in grammar, punctuation and/or spelling. We only approve top-quality, high end articles that would, for instance, be seen in national magazines, journals or newspapers. Compliance with the following Article Submission Guidelines insures your article approval and inclusion in our Article Directory. No exceptions will be given. These guidelines are necessary to maintain the degree of professionalism we promise our Readers, Publishers and Authors.

SEO AND IT’S IMPORTANCE

Search engine optimization is a process of improving volume and quality of traffic to a web sites from search engines via natural search results for targeted keywords. Usually, the earlier a site is presented in the search results, or the higher it “ranks”, the more searchers will visit that site. SEO can also target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, and industry-specific vertical search engines.

As a marketing strategy for increasing a site’s relevance, SEO considers how search algorithms work and what people search for. SEO efforts may involve a site’s coding, presentation, and structure, as well as fixing problems that could prevent search engine indexing programs from fully spidering a site. More noticeable efforts may include adding unique content to a site, ensuring that content is easily indexed by search engine robots, and making the site more appealing to the users. The initialism “SEO” can also refer to “search engine optimizers”, a term adopted by an industry of consultants who carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in-house. Search engine optimizers may offer SEO as a stand-alone service or as a part of a broader marketing campaign.

If people make web sites then they have to optimize their sites for their work found and read by as many people as possible. When it comes to the Internet, search engines are by far the most effective tool for finding information, and getting information found. That’s why virtually 100% of people who use the Internet also use search engines in some way. To reduce the impact of link schemes, as of 2007, search engines consider a wide range of undisclosed factors for their ranking algorithms. Google says it ranks sites using more than 200 different signals

Multimedia

multimedia is media utilizes a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which only utilize traditional forms of printed or hand-produced text and still graphics. In general, multimedia includes a combination of text, audio,still, images, video and animation content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia also describes electronic media devises to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is similar to traditional mixed media in fine art but with a broader scope. The term “rich media” is synonymous interactive multimedia and hyper media can be considered one particular multimedia application.

Multimedia may be broadly divided into linear and non-linear categories. Linear active content progresses without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation.

WAP TECHNOLOGY

 

WAP is an open international standard for applications that use wireless communication. Its principal application is to enable access to the Internet from a mobile phone or PDA. A WAP browser provides all of the basic services of a computer based web browser but simplified to operate within the restrictions of a mobile phone, such as its smaller view screen. The Japanese I mode system is another major competing wireless data protocol. WAP sites are websites written in,or dynamically converted to, WML and accessed via the WAP browser. Currently, there are WAP site authoring tools accessible to many countries- tagtag, wapple, all2wap,

Technical specifications

• wap is a protocol for wireless devices like multi media mobile

• The bottom-most protocol in the suite is the Wap datagram protocol , which is an adaptation layer that makes every data network look a bit like UDP to the upper layers by providing unreliable transport of data with two 16-bit port numbers . WDP is considered by all the upper layers as one and the same protocol, which has several “technical realizations” on top of other “data bearers” such as SMS, USSD etc. On native IP bearers such as GPRS, UMTS packet-radio service, or PPP on top of a circuit-switched data connection, WDP is in fact exactly UDP.

• WTLS provides a public-key cryptography-based security mechanism similar to TLS. Its use is optional.

• WTP provides transaction support (reliable request/response) that is adapted to the wireless world. WTP supports more effectively than TCP the problem of packet loss, which is common in 2G wireless technologies in most radio conditions, but is misinterpreted by TCP as network congestion.

• Finally, WSP is best thought of on first approach as a compressed version of HTTP. This protocol suite allows a terminal to emit requests that have an HTTP or HTTPS equivalent to a WAP gateway. The gateway translates requests into plain HTTP.

PHP CONCEPT

PHP is a computer scripting language, originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. It is used mainly in server-side-scripting. But can be used from a command line interface or in standalone graphical applications. PHP is currently the most popular apache module among all servers using Apache as a web server. Among all currently existing computer programming languages, it is considered the fourth most popular, ranked only behind java, c,and visual basic. PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.PHP generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating Web pages as output. However, it can also be used for command-line scripting and client side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers and almost every operating system and platform free of charges. The PHP Group also provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use. Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP’s principal focus is server-side-scripting While running the PHP parser with a web server and web browser, the PHP model can be compared to other server-side scripting languages such as Microsoft’s ASP.NET system.

PHP only parses code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is sent directly to the output and not parsed by PHP. PHP supports a number of different delimiters. The most common delimiters are <?php and?>, respectively open and close delimiters. <script language=”php”> </script> style delimiters are also always available, so these two forms are the most portable. Short tags (<? or <?= and?>) are also quite commonly used, but are along with ASP style tags less portable, as they can be disabled in the PHP configuration. For this reason the use of Short tags and ASP style tags is discouraged. The purpose of these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP code (notably HTML). Note that the delimiters are required to process PHP statements. Everything outside the delimiters is ignored by the parser and is simply passed through as output.

 

BENEFITS OF WEB SITE

Having a well designed web site will not only be beneficial to your business in today’s electronic world but will also help you save money.

Encoders can help you move your business forward in the global market. We understand that their is more to a website than good design and that it must follow the rules of Search Engine Optimization etc to be a success. We also understand a badly designed website will reflect badly on your business.

>>Saves money on advertising. With a web site your quarter page advert can tell the world about your company, your product(s)/service(s), special offers etc. You may even be able to take a smaller ad and simply say visit at www.encoders.co.in

 

>> Can carry much more information about your products/services than a printed brochure

 

> >If you do not find it cost effective to have a well designed printed brochure perhaps because your prices or specifications change frequently then you may find it more economical to have a website with all your latest prices.

 

>>You can send out less printed matter. If an inquiry comes by e-mail you can simply send them a link to your site

>> If the inquiry is abroad he/she will see your information while they are still interested rather than waiting for up to a week for the Post Office to deliver and therefore go off the boil.

> >Low priority inquiries can safely be directed to the web which will cost you nothing.

>> You can have a detailed street map showing your customers exactly where you are

>> Your customers can download product specifications/manuals in PDF format

COMPUTER PROGRAMING

Computer programming is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programing languages The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new, the purpose being to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behavior (customization). The process of writing source codes requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logics

Within ,software engineering programming is regarded as one phase in a software development process.

In some specialist applications or extreme situations a program may be written or modified by directly storing the numeric values of the machine code instructions to be executed into memory.

There is an ongoing debate on the extent to which the writing of programs is an art, a craft or an engineering discipline. Good programming is generally considered to be the measured application of all three, with the goal of producing an efficient and maintainable software solution The discipline differs from many other technical professions in that programmers generally do not need to be licensed or pass any standardized certification tests in order to call themselves “programmers” or even “software engineers”.